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Concomitant duplications of opioid peptide and receptor genes before the origin of jawed vertebrates.
BACKGROUND: The opioid system is involved in reward and pain mechanisms and consists in mammals of four receptors jacques marie mage baudelaire 2 and several peptides.The peptides are derived from four prepropeptide genes, PENK, PDYN, PNOC and POMC, encoding enkephalins, dynorphins, orphanin/nociceptin and beta-endorphin, respectively.Previously we
Research of the application of blockchain and smart contract technologies in spectrum management and trading in cognitive radio networks
The rapid growth of wireless communication technologies french wrap plus has led to an exponential increase in the demand for spectrum resources.Spectrum management, the process of allocation and control of limited radio frequency spectrum, is critical to the efficient and equitable distribution of this scarce resource.However, traditional methods